Recent Spike in Typhoid Fever Cases

Dr Chia Shi-Lu asked the Minister for Health regarding the recent spike in typhoid fever cases (a) whether this was a local outbreak or from imported cases; (b) whether the patients were returning Singaporeans, residents, foreign workers or visitors; and (c) what measures are being planned to address the situation other than heightened surveillance.

Between 26 July and 29 August 2019, MOH was notified of 26 typhoid fever cases, comprising of 21 local and five imported cases. The local cases did not have recent travel history. Preliminary genetic analysis conducted on available typhoid bacteria samples from 18 of the local cases showed that they were similar, which suggest that the cases could be linked to a common source.

MOH and the Singapore Food Agency have been working together to investigate the cases. We have conducted checks at food establishments and caterers where the cases had consumed food from, traced food sources, collected food and water samples for testing, and screened food handlers to try to identify the source of infection. Thus far, none of the food and water samples tested, or food handlers screened, tested positive for Salmonella Typhi. No common food establishment or upstream source has been identified to date. Investigations by MOH and SFA are ongoing.

MOH has alerted the medical community to remain vigilant and report typhoid fever cases. We have also screened household members of the affected cases, and advised them to seek treatment if they develop symptoms.

Typhoid fever, like other food-borne diseases, can be prevented through general hygiene measures, including proper hand hygiene, and safe handling, cooking and consumption of food.

MOH and SFA will continue with investigations, and are closely monitoring the situation. Should the source of the outbreak be identified, MOH and SFA will provide an update and issue a public advisory on any additional precautions that members of the public should take.