Measures to Detect and Reduce Incidence of Tuberculosis

Mr Christopher de Souza asked the Minister for Health what are the measures in place to detect tuberculosis and reduce its incidence in Singapore.

Early detection and prompt treatment of active cases is key to controlling the spread of tuberculosis (TB) in Singapore. Persons with symptoms of active TB, such as a prolonged cough of more than three weeks, are advised to seek early medical assessment. For those on treatment, adherence is crucial to prevent recurrence or development of drug resistance.

TB is endemic in Singapore and in the region and there are measures in place to prevent importation of TB. Work permit applicants are required to undergo a medical examination upon arrival in Singapore. This includes a chest X-ray to rule out active TB disease.

We also work to prevent the spread of TB. Doctors are reminded to look out for cases of possible TB. Once cases are diagnosed, the doctors are required to notify MOH. The Tuberculosis Control Unit (TBCU) then identifies those who had prolonged and close contact with the TB patient, such as household members and workplace colleagues, to undergo screening for TB, as they have the highest risk of contracting the disease. Those found to have latent TB, which is TB without any symptoms and is not infectious, may be placed on treatment to prevent development of active TB. This practice is aligned with the World Health Organization’s recommendations, and practices in other developed countries. In addition, to better understand the spread of disease and to identify clusters, TBCU conducts DNA fingerprinting studies.

We have made some progress in reducing the rates of TB in Singapore. Among Singapore citizens and permanent residents, the number of new cases has fallen from 52 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 38 per 100,000 persons last year. We will continue to work on reducing TB as a public health threat.