Assessing Arbitration Clauses in Contracts to Ensure Freelancers Can Seek Redress before Small Claims Tribunal

Ms He Ting Ru asked the Minister for Law (a) whether the Ministry has assessed if arbitration clauses in freelancer contracts should be unenforceable to the extent that they prevent individual freelancers from bringing a qualifying claim before the Small Claims Tribunals; and (b) what approaches the Ministry is considering to ensure that such freelancers can still seek redress before the Tribunal where appropriate.

The Government recognises the concerns that some freelancers may face where dispute resolution processes become too costly or impractical relative to the value of the claim. At the same time, Singapore's legal framework is founded on principles of freedom of contract and party autonomy, including parties' ability to agree on how disputes should be resolved. Where parties have agreed to arbitration, there is generally an expectation that they will be honoured. Hence, the Government will not lightly intervene in privately negotiated arbitration agreements.

Parties may choose arbitration for a range of legitimate reasons, including confidentiality and the ability to appoint a subject matter expert as arbitrator. There is also procedural flexibility – the market may develop low-cost, expedited and simplified arbitration processes for lower value claims. We should not close these off. Arbitration remains an important tool which supports commercial certainty and effective dispute resolution.

The Ministry is committed to ensuring that there is meaningful and practical access to justice. In some cases, particularly for lower-value claims, the cost and complexity of certain forms of arbitration may make it difficult for freelancers to pursue legitimate claims. The Ministry is working closely with the Judiciary to ensure that court and tribunal processes, including the Small Claims Tribunals, remain accessible, affordable and effective. We are also studying if there can be an appropriate framework which could allow certain claims to be resolved at the Small Claims Tribunal, notwithstanding an arbitration clause, while balancing the various interests and considerations set out above.