Environment & climate

Edward Chia Bing Hui asked about Singapore's energy transition strategy regarding global energy market volatility and the safeguards for maintaining decarbonisation goals despite price fluctuations. Gan Kim Yong emphasized the importance of diversifying energy sources for the transition, including natural gas, domestic solar, low-carbon electricity imports, and alternatives. Currently, 95% of Singapore's electricity is generated from natural gas, and efforts are underway to develop a second LNG terminal for secure supplies and to maximize solar deployment towards a target of 2 GWp by 2030. The government is also pursuing low-carbon electricity imports and investing in emerging energy technologies like hydrogen and advanced nuclear, supported by a $10 billion Future Energy Fund to mitigate risks associated with strategic low-carbon projects. A carbon tax has been implemented to appropriately price emissions and fund decarbonisation initiatives.

Jackson Lam asked about the effectiveness of existing noise barriers, low-noise pavements, and rail modifications in reducing residential noise levels over the past five years, as well as measurement methods and potential adoption of newer technologies. Jeffrey Siow reported that these noise mitigation measures have reduced noise levels by up to five to 10 decibels and that further measurements are conducted to ensure compliance with National Environment Agency guidelines. The Land Transport Authority will continue to explore and adopt new technologies for effective noise reduction.

Jackson Lam asked how the Ministry for Transport assesses noise from roads, MRT lines, and airports during transport system design, and whether cumulative noise exposure for residents is considered, along with the prioritization of noise mitigation alongside capacity and efficiency. Jeffrey Siow responded that noise impact assessments evaluate the combined effects of transport infrastructure, using simulation models and ground measurements to identify areas exceeding noise guidelines. Measures to mitigate noise include maintaining buffer zones, implementing noise barriers, routing aircraft away from residential areas, and enforcing a night curfew at Seletar Airport, all aimed at achieving efficient transport while maintaining livability for communities.

Ang Wei Neng asked the Minister for National Development about the number of complaints regarding pest bird nuisance over the past five years, the measures taken to address the issue, and possible future actions. Chee Hong Tat reported an average of 22,000 complaints annually and outlined NParks' multi-agency approach to managing pest bird issues, which includes reducing food sources, enhancing trapping, enforcing against illegal feeding, and public education. Additionally, NParks has intensified efforts to manage crow nuisances, including crow nest removal and collaborating with the police to resume crow shooting.

Cai Yinzhou raised concerns about the impact of the 2023 African Swine Fever (ASF) on the wild boar population in Singapore, including potential effects on biodiversity and measures to manage any ecological imbalances. Chee Hong Tat acknowledged that the ASF outbreak reduced wild boar populations in Pulau Ubin and western Singapore, but recovery is now evident. The National Parks Board will monitor and manage the wild boar population and assess its impact on local biodiversity as part of its wildlife management strategy.

Valerie Lee asked about the percentage of sheltered playgrounds and outdoor fitness stations within HDB estates and public parks, and whether the government would fund retrofitting existing facilities with shelters. Chee Hong Tat responded that the Housing and Development Board and NParks enhance thermal comfort through measures like sun-shade analysis and planting trees for shade. He noted that there are existing funding schemes and upgrading programs for Town Councils and NParks to rejuvenate facilities, potentially including additional shade.

Cai Yinzhou questioned the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment regarding the long-term health impacts of repeated MRT noise exposure on commuters and its inclusion in national health strategies. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that the National Environment Agency sets noise limits to protect public health, referencing international standards. The Land Transport Authority monitors noise levels in MRT systems and takes measures to keep them below 85 decibels, including implementing noise reduction strategies on curved tracks. Both the National Environment Agency and LTA will continue to review and enhance their noise management policies to safeguard public health.

Edward Chia Bing Hui asked if the Ministry for Sustainability and the Environment has evaluated residents' exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke, especially those in ground-floor units, and if there would be consideration for additional protective measures. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that smoking is already banned in most common areas to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, and the Ministry has not conducted specific studies on exposure in these areas due to the prohibition. The Ministry will continue to review smoking policies and consider public feedback.

Gho Sze Kee questioned the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment about the National Environment Agency's (NEA) monitoring of noise levels at construction sites, including specifics on measurement frequency, number of meters, and maximum noise level assessments. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that contractors near noise-sensitive areas must install specified noise meters that continuously record the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) and maximum noise level (Lmax). The NEA uses Leq readings to enforce noise regulations and compliance with permissible limits, taking strict action against violators, particularly for repeated offences. Additionally, NEA plans to review regulations to potentially include Lmax for better public health protection.

David Hoe asked about the identification of around 1,000 Beverage Container Return Scheme return points and suggested prioritizing locations at high-footfall HDB blocks and exploring partnerships with existing infrastructure, like commercial parcel lockers. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that the question was addressed in a prior combined answer from the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment.

Poh Li San asked about the government's plans for structural reforms to further reduce emissions in key sectors responsible for 70% of Singapore's national carbon output, following a reduction to 55.5 million tonnes in 2023. Grace Fu Hai Yien reported a 5.3% decrease in emissions primarily due to lower output in the petrochemical sector and falling petrol and diesel consumption. Singapore is committed to global climate action and is implementing decarbonisation plans to meet its 2030 and 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The government is collaborating with companies to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon intensity, while also relying on international cooperation and technological advancements for effective decarbonisation.

Hazlina Abdul Halim proposed that the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment require developers to publish environmental factors disclosure reports regarding noise and proximity to infrastructure for housing and commercial projects, and suggested that buyers acknowledge these reports before purchase. She also requested that developers bear part of the costs related to addressing noise issues from existing public infrastructure for up to a year after new owners receive Temporary Occupation Permits. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that the National Environment Agency mandates a Noise Impact Assessment for new developments near traffic noise sources, requiring developers to implement mitigation measures to comply with noise limits. She noted that while developers work to keep noise within limits, some traffic noise will still exist, and encouraged buyers to assess noise levels independently before purchasing properties.

Dennis Tan Lip Fong questioned the governance frameworks ensuring the independence of carbon credit assessment firms BeZero Carbon, Calyx Global, and Sylvera, as well as mechanisms to address potential conflicts of interest due to their commercial relationships with credit developers. Grace Fu Hai Yien explained that these firms were selected through a competitive tender process by the National Environment Agency (NEA) based on criteria like independence and expertise. NEA imposes oversight through disclosure requirements and monitors relationships to prevent conflicts of interest, ensuring that no provider dominates assessment outcomes. The providers supplement NEA's assessments, with the final approval of carbon credit projects resting with the Government, adhering to Singapore's Eligibility Criteria.

Dr. Neo Kok Beng questioned the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment about the carbon footprint and air pollutant emissions from fireworks used during the National Day Parade and other major events. He proposed the idea of replacing or complementing fireworks with lower-emission alternatives like drone light shows and suggested developing local capabilities for such displays. Grace Fu Hai Yien responded that fireworks are infrequent and not a major source of emissions, and the government does not track their carbon output, noting no significant impact on air quality from these events.

Mark Lee raised concerns about the implications of the US withdrawing from UN climate processes on Singapore's carbon tax and sustainability goals and questioned the possibility of recalibrating carbon tax increases to alleviate pressures on local industries. Gan Kim Yong responded that the Government adopts a pragmatic approach to carbon tax, considering international climate actions, economic competitiveness, and decarbonisation technology progress. He acknowledged the necessity of decarbonisation for Singapore's long-term competitiveness, emphasizing the need for a high carbon tax to encourage investment in emission reduction solutions while taking into account global carbon pricing to prevent carbon leakage. The Ministry of Trade and Industry is actively engaging with businesses to address their challenges regarding the carbon tax and to offer support.

Low Wu Yang Andre questioned the Deputy Prime Minister about the planned clearance of 52 hectares of forest in the Jurong Innovation District for developments in CleanTech Park and Bahar, specifically asking about alternative sites evaluated, reasons for their exclusion, and the possibility of stronger ecological mitigation measures beyond the proposed 14.5 hectares of retained green space. Gan Kim Yong responded that the government adopts a long-term land planning approach, assessing site suitability for development needs. He explained that CleanTech Park and Bahar's integration with existing industrial sites aims to support Jurong's role as a hub for advanced manufacturing, creating around 95,000 jobs. JTC conducted an Environmental Impact Assessment that identified various mitigation strategies, including retaining valuable forest areas and creating green spaces like the Potter’s Garden to enhance ecological and community benefits.

The debate involved the presentation of a bill to amend the Public Utilities Act 2001 and the Sewerage and Drainage Act 1999 for coastal protection purposes. The bill also includes related amendments to both acts concerning utilities. It was presented by the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment, Grace Fu, and will be read a second time in the next available parliamentary sitting before being printed.

Dr. Janil Puthucheary clarified that producers of 80% of beverage containers registered under the upcoming scheme would experience a price increase of three to four cents per container, correcting a previous mention of 3% to 4%. He acknowledged the error and emphasized that all references should consistently state the price increase in cents. The Speaker then moved on to the introduction of Government Bills.

Poh Li San and other MPs raised concerns about the Beverage Container Return Scheme (BCRS), specifically regarding its implementation and potential consumer impacts. Dr. Janil Puthucheary provided detailed responses, emphasizing that the scheme is designed to enhance recycling and is based on successful international models. The initial rollout will include over 1,000 reverse vending machines, with plans to increase this number to 2,000 within a year. Measures are being put in place to support smaller producers and mitigate potential price increases, while monitoring will ensure the scheme operates efficiently and maintains consumer protection. The government aims for significant improvements in recycling rates as a result of this initiative.

Valerie Lee raised concerns about how resident complaints regarding mosquito issues are handled if NEA inspections find no active breeding sites despite ongoing reports of nuisance. Grace Fu Hai Yien explained that the National Environment Agency (NEA) conducts inspections to locate potential breeding habitats when complaints are received. NEA collaborates with stakeholders such as Town Councils and premises operators to improve prevention measures as needed. Additionally, NEA uses mosquito population surveillance data from Gravitraps to better identify areas with higher mosquito activity and potential sources.